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No Death, No Dinner

When people ask me how I first became a vegetarian, I’m tempted to lie. The truth is shameful: It all started with the big eyes and waggy tail of a winsome Cocker Spaniel named April, the childhood companion who left … Read More

By / May 14, 2007

When people ask me how I first became a vegetarian, I’m tempted to lie. The truth is shameful: It all started with the big eyes and waggy tail of a winsome Cocker Spaniel named April, the childhood companion who left me deeply suspicious that someone equally charming paid the ultimate price for each Big Mac.

No, the plain truth just won’t do. Carnivores leap at any chance to dismiss veggies as silly sentimentalists who couldn’t spot a serious moral dilemma if it smacked us in our mushy, protein-deficient heads. So when it’s time for vegetarian apologetics, I play a tough-minded rationalist, a solemn, furrow-browed ethicist with no time for anything so fuzzy as empathy, so frivolous as compassion.

But there’s a problem. Ever since the publication of Michael Pollan’s landmark book The Omnivore’s Dilemma, “compassionate carnivores” are increasingly thick on the ground, startling vegetarians by defending meat-eating in the language of empathy and environmentalism, ethics and compassion. How the heck are we supposed to argue with this strange new breed of carnivore? We share too many premises! They sound more like us than we do! Where is this bewildering debate headed?

To find out, Jewcy conducted a little experiment: We brought together Isa Chandra Moskowitz, queen bee of ethical veganism and author of Vegan With A Vengeance, and matched her with Charles Eisenstein, author of The Yoga of Eating and pioneering theorist of enlightened, spiritually and environmentally motivated meat-eating. For our edification, Isa and Charles argue the Big Question “Can the ethical person eat meat?” The insights and sparks fly in ways this veteran veggie polemicist has never seen before…

— Joey Kurtzman

From: Charles Eisenstein To: Isa Chandra Moskowitz Subject: No death, no dinner

Dear Isa,

Let’s start with death.

Vegetarians, like the rest of us, must kill to eat. It is impossible for us to avoid killing—even an apple has living cells in it. All beings die so that others might live, and we do not think nature is evil for that. Not even the softest-hearted vegan cries for the worm that the robin plucks out of the ground. Is it an injustice that only one out of 5,000 fish spawn ever reaches adulthood? No.

Still, vegetarians are preoccupied with death. Why is it, though, that they value the lives of animals more than those of plants? It is because they’ve set up a hierarchy with—guess who?—human beings at the top.

This “hierarchy of being” is a relatively new phenomenon in human history. For the animistic hunter-gatherer, all entities—whether human, animal, plant, rock, or forest—were equally possessed of spirit. But over time humans saw less and less divinity in the world around them, gradually abstracting the concept of “spirit” in a process that reached its apogee with Descartes. “I think, therefore I am,” he wrote, thereby equating sentience with human thought and reducing the rest of the natural world to a bunch of spiritless stuff. Descartes’ ideology so saturates our culture that it’s nearly invisible to us, as water is to a fish.

I think vegetarianism is borne of a protest against this. It says, “Animals are beings too, deserving of compassion.” I think this is a step in the right direction. But we can take it further.

What would a food system look like that honored the indwelling divinity of all things?

To answer this question, we must develop an ethics that goes beyond the vegetarian’s preoccupation with killing. We must ask ourselves, “Are we eating in a way that is consistent with a world of beauty, harmony, and balance?” The answer today, whether for industrial meat production or monocrop agriculture, is a resounding No.

In our times we are awakening to a new sense of self. Rather than a Darwinian struggle for survival, we are beginning to understa
nd ecology as a vast gift network, to which each species contributes something necessary and unique. The view of the animist and the ecologist begin to coincide.

From this perspective, the ultimate crime is not killing, but preventing another creature from fulfilling its life purpose. And so the problem with today’s meat industry is not that animals die; it is that they are living a hellish life.

That is why I eat meat from farms that are themselves mini-ecosystems. On these farms, complex, mutually sustaining relationships exist between animals, birds, crops, insects, fungi, bacteria, the farm family, and the human community they serve. This is utterly different from the factory farms where animals live in misery. It also has much different effects on soil, water, air, and people.

I suppose we could argue about whether such “ecological” farms are more sustainable than all-vegetable farms. I happen to think they are. For instance, it is often less disruptive to graze animals than to break ground for crops. I have images of hogs turning compost, chickens following the farmer to eat worms he shakes out of apple trees, Muscovy ducks eating slugs in the vegetable patch. Wendell Berry offers some beautiful descriptions of the ecology of a mixed farm.

In animistic societies, the taking of life was never a cavalier act. Whether it was the slaying of a deer, the felling of a tree to make a canoe, or even the digging of a root herb, killing was always accompanied by some sort of ritual, designed to infuse the act with mindfulness. All beings die, but killing is wrong when it is done in ignorance, mindless of the consequences, callous to the purpose all beings have to their lives. All beings. Not just animals.

If we take death as the ultimate wrong, then ethics would seek to minimize death. My ethics have a different foundation. To me, a beautiful life is more important than a long life.

Yours truly,

Charles Eisenstein

Read Peter Singer’s response to Charles’s opening e-mail, here.

NEXT: If I say a prayer over you, may I kill you?

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  • JewcyCraig

    Seabiscuit, I am perplexed by your rather definitive assertions that you have determined what purpose apples were put on Earth to serve. …Even moreso by your "horses" statement, which, I can only assume is a joke, given the beast-of-burden relationship humans have, eh, enslaved horses into.

    Personally, I'm not so sure anything has a purpose and, hence, I don't care if animals are happy that I'm eating them. It's just the way I roll.

    "I tell you, we are here on Earth to fart around, and don't let anybody tell you any different."  – Vonnegut

  • Seabsicuit

    I’m a fourteen year old girl, who has been a vegetarian for six solid years. I am not a member of the Jewish community, yet I found this site insightful and interesting.

    i am a vegetarian because i believe it si wrong to kill animals. As said in one of the many valid points posted on this topic, even an Apple has living cells, but that is not the same as eating an animal. An apple cannot feel, has not the power fo emotion, yet it is not completely inanimate. Apples were put on the Earth by God for us to eat, not animals. Horses were put on this planet to make us happy. Everything has a purpose, and a Human’s is still undiscovered, as is an animals, but fruit and vegetables etc. are there to be eaten, to spread their seeds and grow, and then be eaten again. Please try to understand my point, even though it is a jumble.

  • The Pet Cat

    Humans are omnivores. simple.
    every one who tries to diverge from it must work hard to compensate
    for what is missing in the diet.

    As for the other arguments:

    environmental impact?, starvation?…
    too many humans, does not really matter what they eat.

    the truth is we know the only way to save the planet is to
    remove current human behaviour from it. changing global human behaviour
    is unlikely, slow at best.

    I can only pray we do manange to do it before it’s too late, or we
    all loose. The earth will go on, reborn with whatever comes next…
    like dinasours passed on the torch to mammals.
    the end of our world, may not be the end of the earth, merely our presence on it.

  • Sulamar

    To quote the third comment, the idea of eating meat being spiritual is bullshit. I’m tired of debating die-hard meat-eaters when there is no substantial argument as to why people should eat meat rather than not. What it comes down to is justification. You’re raised eating meat, you’re defensive of how you were raised, thus you’re defensive of your eating of meat. Does mass farming pollute? Yes. Pretty much everything pollutes. The point is that you can produce much more food by growing it without hurting the environment than meat. Do they pollute? Yes. But plants have a slower rate.

    I get it. Meat tastes good. I’ve been a vegan 8 months and I still miss the taste of meat. But as far as I’m concerned, the above pro-meat arguments are irrelevant and futile. Meat tastes good but it’s not worth the cost of life, suffering, and environmental damage for a few minutes of it tasting good when there are MUCH better options out there that taste significantly better.

    Do things die? Yes. Are things ever going to stop dying? Probably not. The point is that eating meat is unessential, pointless, unethical, and wasteful. Face it.

  • Anonymous

    What? My “canine” teeth do not extend any further than any of my other teeth. They in no way function in the same way my cats teeth funciton. I really don’t see how these things could ever function to pierce any animal hides. Do other folks have some special vampire teeth I don’t know about?

  • VeggieHead

    My first qualm is rather trivial, given the subject. “The Yoga of Eating”?? I’m a practicing householder yogi, spending the greater portion of my free-time meditating, and the tenet of not eating meat in the context of yoga is traditionally two-fold: there’re certain edibles that cause passionate tenancies in the mind which thwart the spiritual progress of a yoga (meat, alcohol, drugs, garlic, onions, stimulants like chocolate and coffee, and excessive dairy), and early termination of life of higher-evolved life-forms for selfish interests. I think he should change the name of his book, because, though a very intelligent conversationalist, he doesn’t quite grasp what yoga is really about (more like a studio “yogi”).

    And the whole thing about preoccupation with death is for the foo-foo PETA people. Those of us who’ve moved beyond simply being a rebel-for-a-cause know this argument is at the bottom of the intellectual totem pole, as far as this issue’s concerned.

    It’s true that the ecologics (new word!) of industrial meat production is a major issue. It’s big, because it ends up directly effecting us in ways that will cause unavoidable obstacles in our fairly near future: groundwater pollution, over-grazing, poor crop allocation (somewhere like 40-60% of grains produced we feed to animals, who we then in turn intend to eat), and apparently deadly inter-specie transmittable diseases created by farmers trying to save money by feeding ground up dead and/or diseased animals to healthy ones. Mmmmm, meat.

    There’re so many other issues that industrial livestock cultivation is the cause of that it’s pointless to banter about it. There’re too many good books on the subject already. What it comes down to is this: There are no significant moral, ethical, social, religious, or ecological ramifications from living a vegan lifestyle. But there are from eating meat. Choose wisely.

  • lavajin

    To those who freaked out about what I said about disease, you will notice that nowhere did I claim that flesh consumption is the sole cause of disease. I simply stated a fact about the rate of disease increasing with the consumption of flesh.

    Also, as for the cooked/raw meat issue, you will notice that I said “Why… in the case of the raw flesh dishes, do we have to be so incredibly careful to avoid bacteria?”

    Try paying attention next time. Thanks.

  • Craig

    As Howard Lyman wrote, “Go try tearing a chunk out of a moose with those canine teeth of yours.”
    The fact is the teeth called canines are in name only. But look at our digestive tract. A dogs entire digestive system is 3 times the length of its body, while the humans is 12 times the length of its body. The meat rots inside of us because it takes so long to pass.
    And to support the argument about how we cannot eat under cooked meat safely; A dog has stomach acid that is 20 times more acidic than a humans. Ever wonder why your pups puke stained the carpet.

  • Bosco Bunz

    Though I am a raw foodist, I can not ignore that there are canine teeth in my mouth, and we are for this reason, omnivores by nature. Apes are omnivores as well, chimps kill and eat monkeys and other mammals to survive. This is a fact!

  • Anonymous

    “Death, yes, suffering, no.”

    Some of you seem to believe that being slaughtered for food is a source of suffering. Regarding the livestock industry at large, you’d be right on, because of the inhumane treatment of animals before they are slaughtered. But on local, free range farms where animals are treated well until they are put down, the only moment of suffering occurs at the moment of death — and even this is debatable. So you are indeed equating the fact that animals suffer at our hands with the fact that they die at our hands. Death = suffering, and so you are, in fact, objecting to death. Contrarily to many other omnivores in the animal kingdom, our methods for killing our prey are painless. Natural selection can be much, much crueler than your average local farmer. Do you feel that the moment of suffering at the time of death is not justified by the purpose of killing (food)? Do you condemn animals/omnivores in the wild that kill and eat their prey?

    Oh wait, you feel as though it is our responsibility as humans blessed with higher consciousness to curb our natural instincts because we can? This is arrogant and elitist, and separates us from the animal kingdom in a way that feels a) naive and b) misguided.

    My point: those vegetarians that object to suffering are refusing to acknowledge that death/suffering just ISN’T optional. Your ethical stance is just a pretense for a very personal aversion to meat, which you are entirely entitled to.

  • Anonymous

    I’d be willing to bet most veggie/vegans who would never kill an animal will have no problem with a baby in the womb being pulled out and thrown in a trash can . Harsh but true. I think most veggie/vegans do it to justify other things in thier life they know are wrong.

  • Anonymous

    Hello meat eaters – thank you for your efforts to justify whether eating meat is the right thing to do or not – and whether humans are meant to eat meat or not.

    You meat eaters should continue to eat as much you like – that does not matter as long as you do not enforce that upon others who choose to be vegetarian.

    I request my fellow mates that they should at the earliest make a visit to the “Slaughter House” and see for yourself from start to end the animal being killed – and do not put on your head phones while watching – you must hear them as well.

    Good luck and thank you everyone who has posted in this forum…

  • Anonymous

    What does this line of argument about scurvy have to do with anything? Yes, it’s true–you can get vitamin C from raw meat. So what? We’ve had cutting implements for just about as long as we’ve been around as a species, so it doesn’t follow that we were tackling cows and tearing them apart with our powerful teeth. These days, the health risks associated with eating raw meat make it less attractive than the various other sources of vitamin C available to us.

    Nobody (as far as I can tell) is arguing that we were *meant* to eat a vegetarian diet. It’s obvious that we can eat a wide variety of foods. The question is whether we can be healthy on a vegetarian diet, and then whether we *ought* to eat meat, given the answer to the first question.

    Personally, I prefer to eat as though I lived in the 21st century, and not in some kind of tribute to when we used stone tools to crack open bones to get to the marrow left by predators.

  • Cricket

    Perhaps you should look into your history before you start spouting off. Early Eskimos never suffered from scurvy and had maybe vegetables or fruits in 2% of their diet. The Early explores that refused to add any form of traditional native foods to their diets DID get scurvy others that adopted the diet did not. Meats high in Vitamin C: In traditional Eskimo diets of old. Would include, Penguin meat, Walrus meat and blubber,and fish. Beluga Whale skin contains as much vitamin C as oranges. May I suggest that you read about the early explorers: Vilhjalmur Stefansson, Scott or Shackleton, or talk to any Anthropology student in a local college or perhaps the professor.

    The Eskimos knew that to cook the meat leeched the vitamins out of the meat. So in fact scurvy is prevented by consuming certain raw meats. Of course modern Eskimos have more or less adopted the same diet as the rest of the world, they get their Vitamin C from orange juicelike you and me.

  • Anonymous

    Right. Cricket, you could have at least had a quick read over the scurvy Wikipedia entry first. Which type of raw meat are you suggesting we consume for vitamin C? All the vegetarians and vegans you’ve met had scurvy?

  • Anonymous

    “Whoever said that primates such as Gorillas Chimps etc do not eat meat need to buy an idiots guide to primates….although American TV shows images of chimps swinging from branch to branch with twigs in their mouths, this is not the be all and end all of their behaviour. I suggest that who ever believes such an ignorant view do a little research before using such “evidence” in an ethical/biological debate…which this is by the way!”

    I assume this is directed at my comment above, but here is what I actually said:

    “Some of our primate relatives have canine teeth, yet have an herbivorous diet.”

    ‘Some’ would be the operative word there–and no mention of apes at all. The howler monkey would be a good example of a primate with canine teeth and an herbivorous diet.

    I apologize for any confusion–the point of that post was simply that canine teeth are not particularly good indicators of diet in and of themselves.

  • Cricket

    Anyone here ever hear of Scurvy? It’s what early explorers died of because they refused to eat the raw meat..yes I said RAW meat that the natives were eating. Hmmm imagine that humans eating raw meat. I don’t suppose they used their canine teeth to bite into that meat at all, no they just tucked them away into their pockets. Get real people. No our canines are not as long as say a lions, but we the human race from the primitive days on have been hunters. I don’t think that corn and soy patties were available back in those days, growing crops wasn’t a priority. I think just surviving was the goal. So do not get on your high horse and tell me that we were not meant to hunt or eat meat,. If we are meant to eat nothing but veggies and greens then why don’t we have a cud to chew, or two stomaches?

    I’ll say it again, I think that what you eat and how it effects you has more to do with your genetics than anything else. The person who brought the whole canine teeth into this was a vegan people not a meat eater. Now you all are stuck on teeth.

    I do not see anyone here changing what others eat. My choice is my choice your choice is your choice. My ancestors hunted, and killed Bambi, and ate him, used his hide for clothing and shelter, his bones for tools. Kind of hard to make warm clothes out of fig leaves. And last time I looked a green bean couldn’t be used to sew with.

    So to say that we are meant for one or the other is just foolish, we are meant to do what is right for us, and what is right for me doesn’t have to be what is right for you.

    So now you look back in history and tell me that humans were not hunters and meat eaters.

    LOL I can hear it now…so you are saying because our primitive ancestors killed animals that had central nervous systems, that we should too? I mean we are far more intelligent than they were. Also, I wonder since fire hasn’t always been around how do you suppose they ate the meat from the animals they killed? Had their pet saber tooth chew it up for them first?

    So maybe in the future those of us that eat meat will get bigger canines and those who only eat veggies will get cuds to chew and another stomach. Who knows?

    So call your canine teeth fangs…which by the way makes me think of vampires, who drink blood yuk! I’ll call mine canine, thank you.

    I think that the point is, that what one eats is a personal choice, but no matter what you eat you should make responsible decisions.

  • Mojo-Magewolf

    I think its obvious that certain plants were made for human consumption more so than animals. Although commercial bought fruits and veggies were not treated with the respect they deserve, it is far less evil than treating animals like they are conscious-less machines. One needs only look at the human digestive system to learn that humans are herbivores. A banana was obviously made for human consumption… it’s easy to digest, fits perfectly in your hand, it’s healthy, etc etc.

  • cant think of a good name

    Okay, this may have been mentioned, but I havn’t got time to read every single comment, and I would just like to say that our “canine” teeth are quite frankly bollocks. Try to rip raw flesh from the corpse of a cow (Which I’d like to see a human kill bare handed) and you’d have a job doing it I think. Our “canines” are more suited to helping us eat the flesh of fruits and vegetables, which I don’t think cows etc. eat much of so they don’t have “canines” like us, or canines like carnivores.

  • garyloewenthal

    what about the animals' liberty?

    Being bred just to be killed as soon as economically profitable; being forcibly impregnated multiple times and having your babies stolen from you; being genetically altered to grow so quickly your heart may give out when your're six weeks old; being packed in a truck for 24 hours in sweltering heat with no food or water; being alive and conscious as your neck is cut and you're plunged into boilling water and drowned – all these are far more drastic restrictions on liberty than voluntarily refraining from eating meat, dairy, and eggs. We can end all these violations of liberty, at any time, by choosing a vegan diet.

    And with the profusion of delicious vegan foods and recipes now available, and with the epectation that it will only get better as more people go vegan, giving up animal products is a small sacrifice, indeed. In fact, I don't see how giving up cruelty – and all the rationalizations that go with it – is really a sacrifice at all; it's more of a relief.

  • garyloewenthal

    Gorillas, for example. 97 percent of their diet is plant-based.

    But that's mostly beside the point. Striving to be as kind and respectful as possible to all creatures is an ethical obligation, not a physiological determinant.

  • Abbie

    I have never heard a vegan or vegetarian explain their choice by saying that their diet “natural” or “how we were meant to eat.” Why is it that omnivores are often so eager to point to our pointy teeth and explain how natural meat eating is? We live in houses, we wear clothes, we use medicine. These things are all unnatural and yet most of us would agree that there is nothing wrong with them. Out of respect for present company, I won’t go into all of the “natural” things that we all find disgusting. Natural does not mean better.

    In any case, the issue here is ethics, not biology. I agree with Isa and others that Mr. Eisenstein missed the boat on why most most of us are vegans or vegetarians. Also, I would argue that whatever is fulfilling to a cow or chicken, ending up dead on Mr. Eisenstein’s plate isn’t a part of it.

  • Anthony

    No moral objection to meat eating. Every moral objection to modern agricultural production of meat. Pressure for productivity drives us to forget these are animals (as opposed to chocolate chips). They shouldn’t be confined, mutilated, terrified, monocultivated, exterminated and feed their own kind just to make industrial levels of profit. Not healthy for them, not health for us.

    Meat is fine, just not the way we gouge ourselves on it. Over consumption and consumerism is the root of the problem.

  • Eric P.

    There are 16 taxonomical points of comparisons between non-human herbivores and humans. Also, take a look at carnivores, and you will see some real canine teeth. Our canines are not named because they are designed for biting into living animals, snapping their necks, and tearing their throats out to kill them and eat their raw flesh. Carnivores have short digestive tracts, jaws that cannot move from side-to-side (a trait humans share with herbivores), and they are not sickened by meat. Rather, TRUE carnivores need meat to survive. People don’t, and it’s becoming clearer with every medical study (as if we needed more proof) that meat consumption is harmful to our health. That should be evidence enough that we are best suited for a plant-based diet.

    And I’ll second commenters above who object to the notion that vegetarians have a thing against death. Far from it. We have the moral capacity to understand the consequences of our decisions. Knowing that meat is not necessary for survival, and understanding how animals are like us emotionally (familial bonding, fear of death, etc.), it is incumbent upon us to respect the rights of other creatures to live, and to not treat them as means to our ends. Commodifying animals for our use is inherenly inhumane.

  • Anonymous

    Dennis Leary already wrote a song about all that :)

    Wolfie!

  • Anonymous

    This is for the idiot who said apes are vegetarian. All apes are omnivores. Baboons are some of the most ferocious hunters around. Even chimpanzees, our closest relatives, are omnivores. Vegetarianism is unnatural for our species.

  • Anonymous

    …because it is my choice to do so!
    i could walk to work, but i prefer to drive.
    i never recycle; fuck that noise!
    i like to wipe my ass with four fistfuls of charmin, know why? because i CAN! i’m a human, and i think that means i am in charge.
    mwah-ha-ha.
    meat is delicious and it’s my perogative to shove as much of it into my hole as i please. i’m a carnivore! i like MEAT. BRING ON THE MEAT.
    consequences? implications? bah!

  • Jay

    … to all of those omnivores out there: biologically and comparitive-anatomically speaking, we would be best categorized as frugivores, and most certainly not carnivores or omnivores. However, I agree with the previous posts on the point that we should not let our anatomy be the sole determinant of our ethical choices; the issue is obviously much more complex than that.

    Lavajin: excellent points, and well put!

    Awesome discussion, all; this is a very interesting debate.

  • Cricket

    Nate: I am not the one who brought the canine teeth into the discussion. In fact I did ask the question why we have canine teeth. I also have not said that we are designed for any one diet. So maybe you should re-read all of the posts. We are in fact omnivores if you want to classify the human species in any diet class.

    I will not hash with anyone my spiritual beliefs, Just as I will not judge someone based on their spiritual beliefs or lack thereof. Why bring that into this discussion? That being said if you read all of what I wrote, I do not think that you would say I believe in any intelligent design. I believe in intelligent decisions. If you have a problem with people that do believe in intelligent design then, that’s your problem. I do not think one spiritual belief is better than another, I simply will not judge people based on their spiritual beliefs.

    I also do not believe that I have said that we should eat just meat or just veggies. I believe I said that I respect people who are vegans but I am not one myself. I do eat and enjoy my veggies, but I do include meat in my diet.

    As I stated before I did not bring in the enamel shaped protrusions from our face someone else did, I simply asked a question and responded to an answer.
    To try to simplify this discussion to what type of teeth we have would be rather silly.

    Here is something for you to chew on Nate, trying to pen me down to one belief would be a big mistake. Trying to infer that your beliefs are better than someone else’s is just arrogant. Each of us is entitled to our own beliefs, to try to say that one is better than another is just foolish. Who are we to know what is best for another? To believe in intelligent design might be just perfect for some. To believe that a cow is sacred is perfect for others. To try to insult someones beliefs because you do not agree with them is just your own insecurity coming out.

    If you want to discuss spiritual beliefs find a discussion about those and join it.

    If I want to say designed and you are not comfortable with that term, that is on you. Just do not turn it into some kind of religious debate. Trying to read more into one word than is meant by that word, just shows an argumentative spirit, in my opinion.

    If Nate I did think or feel we are designed for a purpose, then why would you feel that I would have other aspects of my life that I should be working on and not worrying about my diet? First of all I do not worry about my diet. I eat what I like fruits, veggies and meat. I suppose that you would also be the perfect one to educate me as to why the belief in being designed for a purpose is so wrong. Wrong for who? You maybe but not those who believe in it. Are you one of those that tries to shove your beliefs down others throats because yours is the best belief system? How arrogant. What is right for one may not be right for another. It’s called being open minded. It’s kind of like live and let live. I do not think I would ask you for spiritual advice. You sound a bit too closed minded for my tastes.

  • Nate

    Cows get BSE from cannibalism, sheep get Scrapie, Humans get Kuru (discovered among the fore tribe in New Guinea …

  • Nate

    Cricket: Why do you care what we were designed for? Why does that even enter the argument? If you believe that we are “designed” for some purpose that we should all be working towards then I think there are other aspects of life that you should reconsider before worrying overly much about your diet.

    If “designed” was not what you intended, and you meant to ask why we evolved to have teeth such as canines, then you are asserting that behaviour should follow the effects of evolution. This is not the case, evolution is a product of the intermingling of behaviour, environmental variables and different permutations of DNA. Luckily, we have evolved a locus of behavioural control other than our canines …

    The argument that we are “intended” for any specific diet is boring: Although often discussed in evolutionary terms the essential argument is that we find ourselves born into some state of being, and our conjectures about the purposes of the various aspects of our current state should guide us. This doesn’t sound like a good way to choose how to behave (and sounds a bit too much like the argument of someone who believes in intelligent design for my taste).

    Anyone who argues that we can’t eat meat is a fool, likewise anyone who argues that we can’t eat exclusively vegetables is a fool (although I’m pretty sure eating exclusively meat is bad). Science and experience tell us that we can thrive on many diets. Evidence for the superiority of any specific diet is inherently correlational, not generalizable beyond the study population, not controlled (such designs leave a multitude of variables unaccounted for), and hence not very relevant.

    So we are left with a philosophical choice, it is a tough one and I sincerely doubt that it can be boiled down to something so simple as the shape of the enamel coated protrusions in our faces.

  • Anonymous

    I’m curious as to what Hindu vegetarians have to say about this, since Hindus have been vegetarian for millennia.

  • Anonymous

    Canine teeth are not in and of themselves an indication of which diet is best for us–they could also just be an evolutionary holdover. Some of our primate relatives have canine teeth, yet have an herbivorous diet.

    But having canine teeth is not a justification for eating meat, anymore than owning a handgun is a justification for shooting people. If we can be healthy on a vegetarian diet, then the question of whether we ought to eat meat is still relevant.

  • Anonymous

    I think this whole article misses the point of why a lot of people become vegetarian of vegan, but I see some people already explained this earlier. Let’s just all agree that whatever you eat, it’s always wrong to disrespect nature or any creature and treat like an object without emotions and feelings.

  • Cricket

    One question, if we are not designed to consume meat, then why do we have canine teeth? Even gorillas consume meat, and yes they have canine teeth. True herbivores do not have canine teeth. Omnivores and carnivores do. So please enlighten me as to why, we have canine teeth?

  • Cricket

    You both say you stopped eating meat basically because of the suffering of the animals. If you go back and read what Charles wrote you will find that he has this statement in his reply to the original No Death No Dinner post. : “And so the problem with today’s meat industry is not that animals die; it is that they are living a hellish life.”
    I think that most of us agree, that animals that are mass produced simply to stock meat counters at the local markets are living hellish lives. They suffer, and they are pumped full of drugs, made to eat unnatural things, kept in small pens, and then slaughtered so that someone can have that prime cut of meat for their dinner.

    Should we touch on the waste not just of the life but of the physical remains as well? How about the factories themselves? How much pollution is made from this practice from start to finish? The same can be tracked from factories that mass produce veggies. How many recalls have come out this year for veggies that are contaminated? This is becoming a trend it seems.

    May I suggest growing your own veggies when possible? This way you can be sure that what you are consuming is free of chemicals. I would suggest the same for buying meat and eggs, if you do not have the space to raise your own, at least try to buy with some sort of consciousness as to where the meat or eggs you are consuming came from, and how the animals are treated.

    I am not a vegan, but I respect those who have made the decision to live without meat. I do not feel that consuming meat is wrong, as long as it is done in a responsible way. Just as being a vegan is not wrong as long as it is done in a responsible way.

  • ashprintzen

    Charles argues that a central principle of all vegetarianism is an objection to death. However, there are many other philosophical reasons for living a vegetarian lifestyle.  I, for one, live a vegetarian life because of specific objections to the ways in which the meat industry itself operates, treats its animals and wastefully utilizes any number of resources.  In fact, as someone who keeps kosher, it seems like the only logical way to live; the principles that exist for kosher slaughtering (particularly regarding the treatment of animals, as well as the intent of a schochet) clearly do not exist in our mass produced, factory-based world.