Wed, Jul 09, 2008

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DIALOGUE
Back to the Future
Another Great Leap Forward. Fantastic.

From: Jack Wertheimer
To: Joey Kurtzman
Subject: Different Pasts, Different Futures

Well, Joey, I never saw it coming. All your talk about the new age in which we live, the easy movement of people and ideas, the collapse of boundaries between people and the joys of intermarriage. And now when all is said and done, where do we end up? We’re back to the stale arguments between socialists and Zionists about universalism versus particularism that took the Jewish world by storm 100 years ago!

After the horrors of the Gulag, Castro’s hell in Cuba, countless “Great Leaps Forward,” and the defeat ofCold Enough for Ya'?: After the Gulag, socialism still titillates young JewsCold Enough for Ya'?: After the Gulag, socialism still titillates young Jews Communism in most parts of the world by triumphant liberation movements, you want to take us back to the glory days of socialism. After all the oppression and slaughter that Jews—and hundreds of millions of others—have suffered in the socialist paradises, you want to return to the delusions of your grandparents, if not great-grand-parents. They, at least, could claim ignorance about the outcome of the wonderful socialist experiments. You have no such excuse, but harbor the wish that somehow the current century will differ from the last one.

Leaving aside your willful historical amnesia, your retreat into the past is sinful because you are blind to the opportunities presented to you and your generation of Jews today. Instead of working to further the greatest Jewish experiment of the past two millennia, the extraordinary, maddening, exhilarating, confusing, and ultimately heroic Jewish State, you want to experiment with the biggest non-starter of all—“universalized Judaism.” Instead of building a vibrant Jewish community in this country to demonstrate that Jewish life is so vital it can renew itself after the horrors of the Shoah, you want to expend all your energy to return to the nightmare from which people behind the iron curtain awoke barely 15 years ago. The socialism that “once swept Jewish Europe” was a catastrophe for Jews and non-Jews alike, but you want to give it another crack because you imagine the 21st century is ripe, even if the 20th was not.

As I see it, you’ve been suckered, repeatedly. First, you’ve taken to heart the socialist pretensions of your own forebears. Immigrant Jews and their children talked the socialist talk, but did not walk the walk. They did everything in their power to make it in capitalist America. And they succeeded beyond their wildest dreams. Aside from engaging in sometimes bizarre political behavior, so that as Milton Himmelfarb famously put it, “Jews earn like Episcopalians and vote like Puerto Ricans,” the heirs of the socialist Jews are very nicely ensconced in upper middle class America and more than happy to enjoy their comforts.

You were also ripped off by your Jewish school. Instead of offering far more complicated messages about how Jewish observance repairs us and makes us better human beings, your schooling apparently succumbed to the Judaism lite of “Tikkun Olam.” All we have to do is invest in saving the whales or any other cause du jour and presto—we have a sufficient expression of our Judaism. I applaud Jews who want to save whales and do good in the world, but only if they also want to do good for Jewish life too and to live as Jews. Helping others is no substitute for helping one’s own.

And now you are taken in once again by a “prominent philosopher” who wants the middle class to give away a quarter of its income. This proposal is worthy of a debate?! And if most middle class Americans find this unrealistic scheme as absurd as I do, what do you want to do, Joey? Redistribute their income against their will? I sure hope this is not one of those shiny new ideas that, in your view, are “humiliating” Judaism “in the marketplace of ideas.”

Nice to Pigs, Mean to People: Would Peter Singer expropriate our wealth in the name of progress?Nice to Pigs, Mean to People: Would Peter Singer expropriate our wealth in the name of progress?Rather than dwell on the past, let me suggest where we differ regarding a way forward. You trace the collapse of Jewish engagement to the allure of new ideas. Unfortunately, you don’t let on what those ideas are. As I see it, Jews are drifting away because they are seduced by rampant individualism, which persuades them to do their own thing. Consumerism, bowling alone, finding your bliss are not exactly powerful ideas, even if they are attractive candy. You and I at least share a common belief that Jews ought to care about something beyond themselves. You favor universal concerns; I favor Jewish needs first, followed by some engagement with larger causes. From where I sit, growing numbers of American Jews invest themselves in no causes, neither Jewish nor universal. The marketplace of ideas offers a mighty thin gruel in our time

We also differ on strategy. You are intent on pursuing the disaffected who may or may not want to be Jewish, and while you’re at it, you counsel the abandonment of Orthodox Jews and others who care about Jewish peoplehood. It’s a remarkable approach to building a market, Joey: Sever your ties to your most faithful customers in favor of those who show the least commitment to anything Jewish. I favor the reverse: build from the core outward—and the core is committed to Jewish peoplehood.

As you consider what is novel about our times, I wonder whether you recognize that for the first time since Emancipation, Orthodoxy is ascendant, rather than on the defensive. While the heirs of the socialists and other universalists are disappearing as Jews and while liberal versions of Judaism are finding it ever harder to retain the allegiance of their youth, Orthodox Jews are building strong communities, reproducing at high rates, and are so self-assured that they are engaged in outreach efforts to win back Jewish souls. I’ve met a fair number of Jews who have been touched by these efforts. Their existence ought to teach us something about the hunger many Jews feel for real Jewish meaning.

You and I also differ on how Jews can best survive and thrive as a small minority in America. You seem to favor ever more accommodation to current mores and values. I contend that Judaism can only thrive if it is countercultural, and the culture it must reject is precisely what you find most appealing. Of course, as Jacob Neusner observes, Judaism must make sense of the world in which we live. But that explanation must be rooted in Judaic thinking and categories. Its explanations must transcend the ephemeral to address deeper human needs. Any Judaism offering such meaning must be rooted in authentic Jewish teachings.

And what you propose, Joey, is inauthentic: How can you claim that a Jew is “anyone who makes an effort to enrich his life with the wisdom of the Jewish tradition and Jewish scripture”—a definition, by the way, that would include millions of Bible reading Christians—even as you reject the assumptions about Jewishness embedded in every book of the Torah and subsequent Jewish texts? Already in the Book of Exodus, the people of Israel are commanded to serve as “a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” Countless Jewish texts explicitly stress the special obligations Jews have toward one another. Jewish literature is replete with distinctions between Jews and gentiles. Your jettisoning of Jewish peoplehood is a repudiation of the very wisdom that suffuses the texts you claim are at the core of your Jewishness.

I’m not going to engage in the charade you apparently encountered while growing up, Joey. I’m not going to argue that the sum total of Jewishness is to repair the world. Rather, I believe engagement with Jewish texts and Jewish living will deepen you as a person, ground you in the life of a vibrant people undergoing one of the most exciting revivals in human history, and compel you to struggle with concepts both foreign to this age and timelessly profound. I hope your “impulse to Jewishness” will triumph sufficiently to give authentic Judaism a serious chance to heal your fractured, Frankenjewish identity. The Jewish people need you.

I’ll be happy to continue our conversation—online or off.

Jack


Dr. Jack Wertheimer is the Provost of The Jewish Theological Seminary, in which capacity he acts as the Chief Academic Officer. He is the author of Unwelcome Strangers: East European Jews in Imperial Germany, which was published by Oxford University


More...

mhpine


One people, one strategy?

One of the most infuriating aspects of the "inreach" v. "outreach" debate is the false choice between creatively engaging the periphery of American Jews and empowering the American Jewish core.  Being one of the preeminent American Jewish sociologists ("A People Divided" in particular is brilliant), Wertheimer has to know that the Orthodox revival has been paralleled with rapid growth for the Reform movement.  As dim as the statistics on the Jewish identity of intermarried children may be, intermarried Jews who affiliate with Reform synagogues are far more likely to raise their children as Jews.  Reform youth groups and camps have been proven as effective tools for promoting Jewish idenity.     

I think that Wertheimer confuses the problems besetting his own movement for that of Jewish America as a whole.  Conservative Judaism is hemorraging badly and in reality has no future as a mass movement - it must empower and challenge its commited core, rather than placate its dwindling periphery.  A model on how to do this in an inclusive manner can be found at Hadar and other independent minyanim that keep the movement at arms length.  One of the reasons is that they do so is that they seek to build communities, that unlike conventional Conservative synagogues, take Shabbat and tikkun olam seriously.  When leading members of the movement tell Jewish women that their primary worth is as baby makers and dismiss concerns about climate change or genocide as "save the whales" shtyuot, Conservative Judaism is getting no closer to bringing its alienated core back into the fold. 





zbird


What a distraction!

Joey wasn't trying to convince us to be socialists. Wertheimer completely misses the point here.





mmausner


Good post Jack...

I do agree about the rebirth of spirit among orthodoxy. Led by Chabad and Shlomo Carlebach, and by the sheer enormity of the fact of the re-creation of Jewish sovereign life in Israel and the (partial) reconquest of our holy sites, Jews-- both orthodox and not-- are rediscovering what it means to stand tall and proud after millenia of exilic submission.  While by your address I can guess that you haven't yet taiken the full leap of faith and moved to Israel (next year in Jerusalem! look me up when you get here), I think we agree on the essentials on that issue.

I don't think critiquing socialism is entirely fair-- Israel IS the only place in the world that communal living was experimented with in a non-coercive, democratic, state-supported way.  The fact that many kibbutzim have 'failed' shouldn't overcome our pride in the many that still succeed, and the many more that DID succeed for generations in building Jewish life and a Jewish state out of practically nothing over the last century.  We ARE a light unto nations for many reasons beyond just the moral message of Torah, and I only disagree with Joey that these other ways are what defines a Jew. 

The world DOES need to figure out how to move beyond cannibalistic capitalism and hypocritical nationalisms, we need and thirst for sustainable and meaningful community... we can and should take the lessons of the (oft disastrous) experiments of intentional communities and radical socialisms of the last century and LEARN from them, and COMBINE those lessons with the wealth of wisdom Judaism has accumulated over our thousands of years in the wilderness.  And make something old and new, and better, and whole. And as Jews, and in Israel first.





Anonymous


sucker

If anyone has been suckered, it's Dr. Wertheimer and his obsession with the Orthodox version of Judaism. This is somewhat ironic, considering his position at the institution at which he works. Yes, it's true, Orthodox Judaism has a tendency to produce more Jews, but they also produce a lot of mediocre human beings. They are not bad human beings, just generally uninteresting. Conservative, Reform and secular Jews, on the other hand, have done far more in the universalist realms of the arts and sciences. Does that make them better Jews? Maybe, maybe not. Oddly enough, it's the same story in the less universal world of Jewish scholarship. The better academics are typically not Orthodox (this is not to say there are no great orthodox academics - there are). Some of the best have left Orthodoxy, an indication that quality scholarship requires an open mind, something Orthodoxy does not offer most of its adherents. None of this may matter to Dr. Wertheimer, who may feel that as long as Jews perform stale rituals and read mostly irrelevant texts, that they are fulfilling their promise as "authentic Jews." That's nice if Jews are to become an obscure minority. But if they are to remain relevant and vibrant to humanity at large, they have to live in the world.





David Strauss


Loaded words

"cannibalistic capitalism"

Care to offer anything more than an emotional attack on capitalism? The rhetorical digs socialists/communists use for any non-socialist economic concept irk me. Even Marx created a whole vocabulary skewed to his viewpoints. This isn't honest scholarship; it's emotionally driven, empty language. Even if you make an intellectual argument for socialism, I don't care to read a word you write until you discuss the matter without loaded words.

My Marx's vocabulary, I mean the practice of creating terms that beg the question, terms that assume the reality of what they embody. It distances the discussion from reality and makes rhetorical novelties seem like empirical fact.





Anonymous Coward


Wertheimer's Confusion

I don't think Mr. Wertheimer has learned much modern Hebrew, or he would realize he's conflating two different (but overlapping things): Am Yisrael, Jewish peoplehood, and "Y'hudut", the Jewish religion.

Do they feed into one another, often creating a symbiotic identity? Very much so, yes. But the former certainly doesn't require religious Orthodoxy, and many would argue that the latter also does not.





Marion


Back to the Future

Dr. Wertheimer fails to distinguish between democratic socialism, as advocated by the late Michael Harrington, and Stalinism; that latter being one of the greatest evils of the modern world. Two eminent Jewish thinkers were exponents of socialism -- Martin Buber, who spoke of "ethical socialism", and Albert Einstein.

As the result of Wertheimer's reductive thinking, which is widespread in the United States, we have children and the working poor without health insurance, corporate welfare, the asendancy of amoral anti-union consulting firms, and schemes too plentiful to enumerate here that, in the words of Rev. Jesse Jackson "take from the needy and give to the greedy."





Marion


Reply to David Strauss

Unfortunately, some forms of capitalism are, metaphorically speaking, "cannibalistic" if not worse. Many forms of capitalist enterprise are
ecologically unsustainable as well. If we follow our present, Republican-driven, relentless pursuit of profits over people, the boom and bust cycle may well end in a bust. If you don't like the term "democratic socialist" perhaps you will feel more comfortable with the terms "economic justice" and "economic democracy."

Global corporate collusion in horrific human rights abuses is now so widespread that Amnesty International now has a section of its website devoted to "Business and Human Rights."

In some cases, multinational corporations collude with violent union-busters. In Burma, Unocal profited from its collusion with repressive government forces who forced Burmese workers into slave-like conditions.

Corporate Watch is an organization set up to do what its name implies: keep an eye on large corporations because many have a propensity for environmental degredation,
union-busting, collusion in human rights abuses and more.





Anonymous


Wertheimer's comments and racism

"Helping others is no substitute for helping one’s own."

"[H]elping one's own" - define "one's own", please? - is typically a cover for classist and/or racist bullshit - prejudice, in any words you prefer.

To argue this is to imply that, say, African children are less worthy of our help than Jewish children. And why on earth would African children be less worthy? Though Wertheimer will never admit it, the only possible answer to this question is, because they are less like him, and therefore less human.

As soon as we start to think of any people on earth as less than human, we affirm the basic worldview that led to the Holocaust.





David N. Friedman


Werthheimer's patient outreach

Jack Wertheimer deserves a medal for his patent outreach to a man with no interest in maintaining his Jewishness. Joey Kurtzman in his adolescent fascination with the defeated and poisonous concept of universalism has no claim to Judaism or even "Jewishness." His ideas degrade our people and our mission.

Kurtzman's arguments quickly devolve into shear silliness. By his standard, the world might ban all national boundaries and perhaps, this might even please Mr. Kurtzman. But the Jewish people will not fall into this claptrap.

So Mr. Kurtzman wants to leave the Jewish people--fine--go ahead. Please don't dare suggest that anything you say or do is Jewish. Judaism has a universal vision as long it retains its particularity.





dmt


two different languages

With all due respect, Wertheimer makes a poor case for re-engaging with traditional Judaism.  His argument does not seem to deal with the reality that secular Jews feel even less of a connection than Kurtzman, and Kurtzman is at least trying to frame the discussion in terms he feels strongly about (Tikkun Olam, etc).  By belittling what tenuous connections Kurtzman has to Judaism, Wertheimer risks alienating secular Jews looking for some basis to connect.  What Kurtzman is saying is "I'm not buying what you're selling, so give me something else".  Wertheimer is saying "There is nothing else".  Wertheimer argues convincingly that Kurtzman's "something else" is sub-par for building and sustaining Judaism, but he almost completely ignores the "I'm not buying" part.

In other words, why should Kurtzman and other non-traditional Jews care about building and sustaining Judaism?  Wertheimer seems to take for granted that they do, that "repairing the Jewish people" and "authentic Judaism" are concepts that they care about.  But there's no basis for this assumption, based on Kurtzman's words (and subsequent comments).

Kurtzman, for his part, does an even poorer job of making the case for a universalist Judaism (again, with all due respect).  The reason is that he defines being Jewish so vaguely that it becomes meaningless.  If being Jewish means simply studying and internalizing Jewish texts (ignoring of course the particularist stuff), then why bother defining Judaism at all? I read and take in the ideas of John Stewart Mill, but that doesn't make me a Millian.  If I studied Mill exclusively, maybe that would make me a Millian.  But once I see Mill as simply one voice among many, I can read him critically and objectively, and take away what I feel is logical and relevant.  My resulting worldview might be heavily influenced by Mill, but defining it as Millianism is just silly.  Why bother?

Last but not least - not being engaged in traditional Judaism is not "adolescence".  Using that term is demeaning and serves no legitimate purpose.





Anonymous


The Yoke of Torah

I too live in Los Angeles and I in my Shul I am surrounded by Doctors, Professors at UCLA, USC, CSUN, & CAL Tech, Lawyers, Accountants, Titans of business and yet they are all in the same room at 5:00 am to study and pore over their Gemara's. We have not rejected the "Yoke of Torah" and we are just as in tune to society as you are. As far as I can tell you either have not had a proper eduacation in the texts of our people or you are uninterested in some of the subjects just as even educated students are not interested in Chemistry, Physics or History.  Joey as a CSUN graduate and an Orthodox jew who goes to minyan every day I have no problem integrating life in this century and life dictated to me by Rabbis in every century prior. Honestly my friends just feel sorry for you and all of our fellow Jews that have given up on their faith. You write that Jews have voted with their feet to leave and ignore the point Jack made that for a little effort they could have worked and made Judiasim relevant to themselves adhering to our faith as opposed to abandoning it.  





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